The eastern part of the island of Timor was known as Portuguese Timor until 1975, when it declared independence. Nine days later, Indonesia invaded and declared it their own, resulting in decades of violence.
With the help of the UN, Indonesia backed off in 1999, and in 2002 The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste -- aka East Timor -- became the first new sovereign state of the 21st century.
Timor-Leste on Wikipedia
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